The rapid increase of industry-sponsored clinical research towards developing countries has led to potentially complex ethical issues to assess. There is scarce evidence about the perception of these participants about the ethical compliance, security, and protection. We sought to evaluate and contrast the awareness and perception of participants and non-participants of industry-sponsored research trials on ethical, safety, and protection topics. A Cases-control survey conducted at twelve research sites in México. Previous and current participants of ISRT as well as non-participants with (...) one of four chronic diseases, were asked to complete the survey which focused on ethical compliance and protection issues of ISRT, and the perception of participating in a trial. A total of 604 cases and 604 controls were surveyed. Cases significantly answered that ethics committees are aware of what is happening in studies, and that medical care of industry-sponsored research trials is better than their usual medical care. The same proportion of cases and controls thought patients must receive economical reimbursement for participating in a research study. The informed consent of the pharmaceutical clinical trial was fully read by 90.4% of the cases. Most cases were satisfied or very satisfied with their overall study participation. Previous and current participants of industry-sponsored research trials have a more positive attitude towards ethics committees, the quality of medical care of the research trials, and the main purpose of economical reimbursements, when compared to non-participants. (shrink)

The health emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic revealed limitations in health systems worldwide, making it necessary to establish a bioethical framework that provides tools to drive health professionals’ decision-making amid scarce health resources. Bioethical models such as principlism, utilitarianism, and personalism seek to focus clinical decisions on respect for people’s rights and dignity, thus protecting the medical practice. Personalism provides a person-centered approach to respect for human dignity during health emergencies to avoid giving material meaning to the individual. Decision (...) criteria are required to face bioethical conflicts in clinical practice, reducing the legal, emotional, and ethical burden of decision-making in pandemic situations. (shrink)

This article reports the results of an anonymous survey of researchers at a government research institution concerning their perceptions about ethical problems with journal peer review. Incompetent review was the most common ethical problem reported by the respondents, with 61.8% (SE = 3.3%) claiming to have experienced this at some point during peer review. Bias (50.5%, SE = 3.4%) was the next most common problem. About 22.7% (SE = 2.8%) of respondents said that a reviewer had required them to include (...) unnecessary references to his/her publication(s), 17.7% (SE = 2.6%) said that comments from reviewers had included personal attacks, and 9.6% (SE = 2.0%) stated that reviewers had delayed publication to publish a paper on the same topic. Two of the most serious violations of peer review ethics, breach of confidentiality (6.8%, SE = 1.7%) and using ideas, data, or methods without permission (5%, SE = 1.5%) were perceived less often than the other problems. We recommend that other investigators follow up on our exploratory research with additional studies on the ethics of peer review. (shrink)

En este número se aborda el tema de los retos actuales de la educación inclusiva. La forma de enfocarlos es diversa: vínculo con la comunidad, neuropedagogía, evaluación, discapacidad, vulnerabilidad, etc. Veamos algunos de estos planteamientos.

The Mirror Game (MG) is a common exercise in dance/movement therapy and drama therapy. It is used to promote participants’ ability to enter and remain in a state of togetherness. In spite of the wide use of the MG by practitioners, it is only recently that scientists begun to use the MG in research, examining its correlates, validity and reliability. This study joins this effort by reporting on the identification of scale items to describe the nonverbal behaviour expressed during the (...) MG and its correlation to measures of attachment. Thus, we explored the application of the MG as a tool for assessing the embodiment of attachment in adulthood. Forty-eight participants (22 females, mean age = 33.2) played the MG with the same gender-matched expert players. All MG were videotaped. In addition, participants were evaluated on two central measurements of attachment in adulthood: The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) and the Experience in Close Relationship questionnaire (ECR). To analyse the data, we developed the “mirror game scale” that coded the nonverbal behavior during the movement interaction, using 19 parameters. The sub-scales were reduced using factor analysis into two dimensions referred to as “together” and “free”. The free factor was significantly correlated to both measurements of attachment: Participants classified as having secure attachment on the AAI, received higher scores on the MG free factor than participants classified as insecure (t (46) = 7.858, p =.000). Participants who were high on the avoidance dimension on the ECR, were low on the MG free factor (r (48) =-.-285, p =.007). This is the first study to examine the MG as it is used by practitioners and its correlation to highly standardized measures. This exploratory study may be considered as part of the first steps of exploring the MG as a standardized assessment tool. The advantages of the MG as a simple, non-verbal movement interaction demonstrate some of the strengths of dance/movement and drama therapy practice. (shrink)

This paper is a survey of standards being used in the domain of digital cultural heritage with focus on the Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard created by the Library of Congress in the United States of America. The process of digitization of cultural heritage requires silo breaking in a number of areas—one area is that of academic disciplines to enable the performance of rich interdisciplinary work. This lays the foundation for the emancipation of the second form of silo which are (...) the silos of knowledge, both traditional and born digital, held in individual institutions, such as galleries, libraries, archives and museums. Disciplinary silo breaking is the key to unlocking these institutional knowledge silos. Interdisciplinary teams, such as developers and librarians, work together to make the data accessible as open data on the “semantic web”. Description logic is the area of mathematics which underpins many ontology building applications today. Creating these ontologies requires a human–machine symbiosis. Currently in the cultural heritage domain, the institutions’ role is that of provider of this open data to the national aggregator which in turn can make the data available to the trans-European aggregator known as Europeana. Current ingests to the aggregators are in the form of machine readable cataloguing metadata which is limited in the richness it provides to disparate object descriptions. METS can provide this richness. (shrink)

This two-part study analyzed some of the ethical choices made by founding entrepreneurs during the creation and development of their ventures in order to identify the areas in which founding entrepreneurs must make decisions related to ethics or social responsibility during venture creation and development. Content analysis was used to identify decisions with ethical components and/or implications from in-depth interviews with 10 successful business founders. The research for part one of the study was guided by the following research question: In (...) what areas must entrepreneurs make decisions with ethical and/or social responsibility implications during new venture creation and development? The authors identified four distinct categories of decisions where ethical or social responsibility components exist: (1) individual entrepreneurial values-related decisions, (2) organizational culture/employee well-being decisions, (3) customer satisfaction and quality decisions, and (4) external accountability decisions. In the second part of the study, the decisions identified in part one were analyzed using a framework derived from prior research in ethics. This framework was developed from the work of Kant (1964) who theorized about human morals and Rawls (1971) who developed theories about justice. Part two of the study was guided by the following research questions: Do entrepreneurs have values and ethics similar to those held by society in general? If they don’t, how do their values and ethics differ? The comparison revealed that the ethics and/or values that the entrepreneurs either explicitly or implicitly acknowledged were in fact similar to those of society in general. (shrink)

Separating from the humanistic/metaphysical interpretation, Heidegger’s original view of Aesthetics, Ethics and Logic, contains a new humanism centred in the idea of Gelassenheit. But Gelassenheit, the nucleus of poetic dwelling of man, is also the essence of the original artistic experience, that is in fact a poetic of the receptivity of being, in other words, an ethical and ontological original experience.

Este artículo tiene el objetivo de mostrar que en la filosofía de Ortega y Gasset ciencia (orientada hacia el conocimiento) y sabiduría (orientada hacia lo práctico-existencial) son inseparables. Esto significa que la di-mensión científica o teórica del pensamiento de Ortega no implica la eliminación de su dimensión práctica/existencial. El tema de la filosofía de Ortega como sabiduría es la vida buena y este ideal de vida es lo que Ortega llama ‘vocación’, ser uno mismo, autorrealización. Pero el ‘yo’ es inseparable (...) de la circunstan-cia. Por tanto, para ser yo, para salvarme yo mismo, hay que salvar la circunstancia. Por esta razón es necesa-ria una ciencia de la circunstancia que desvele el sentido (esencia) de este mundo de la vida. En definitiva, la filosofía de Ortega defiende la integración de lo teórico/científico y lo práctico. (shrink)

La poesía de Juan Ramón Jiménez pretende volver a unir palabra y cosa, separadas por la crisis fin-de-siècle del lenguaje. Para lograrlo adopta un realismo mágico trascendente. El sujeto poético desvela el sentido oculto de las cosas y consigue aumentar el mundo mediante la conversión de la palabra poética en símbolo. La poesía piensa la realidad con la intuición, la cual se expresa simbólicamente. Esta es la dimensión gnoseológica de lo simbólico. Pero el símbolo tiene valor ontológico porque él mismo (...) es la cosa simbolizada. De este modo, la hace ser y conecta palabra y cosa. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo es pensar la esencia del arte en la filosofía de Ortega a partir de su libro La deshumanización del arte. El arte es para Ortega ante todo, como forma de la cultura, una interpretación del texto vital. Pero La deshumanización del arte no es un manifiesto de las vanguardias artísticas de principios del s. XX, sino una meditación sobre la esencia del arte. La meditación es la forma de pensar de la filosofía de la razón (...) vital de Ortega. En La deshumanización del arte, Ortega concibe el arte como isla ingrávida rodeada de realidad. Esto significa que el arte esencialmente es arte artístico, es decir, desrealización de la realidad y realización de la irrealidad. (shrink)

Nuestro objetivo es mostrar que una caracterización adecuada de las locuciones modales del lenguaje natural depende fundamentalmente de una correcta descripción de sus propiedades lógicas. Mostramos cómo los análisis escalares en pragmática fracasan porque siguen la lógica modal estándar al tratarlos como operadores preposicionales. Esto produce contradicciones, ya que, en sentido estricto, el estatus lógico de la locución modal es el mismo que el de la proposición simple. Estas expresiones invocan la presencia del hablante y la evidencia que respalda a (...) su afirmación, y tienen por lo tanto un carácter eminentemente deíctico/pragmático.It is our aim in this article to show that an adequate characterization of the interpretation of modally qualified utterances in natural language depends crucially on a correct description of their logical properties. We show that pragmatic analyses in terms of scales fail because they rely on the standard treatment of these expressions in modal logic as operators, and this makes the wrong predictions since, in a strict sense, the logical status of the modally- qualified utterance is the same as that of the bare proposition. We argue that these expressions directly invoke the presence of the speaker and act as indexes to sets of assumptions s/he is relying on as evidence for his/her assertion. (shrink)

En este artículo, me propongo mostrar que el concepto de mística salvaje tal y como fue desarrollado por Michel Hulin—en una obra que cumple treinta años desde su publicación—apunta a una dimensión clave del fenómeno religioso que debe ser tomada en cuenta por las disciplinas dedicadas a su estudio (filosofía, teología, antropología, etc.), especialmente si la cuestión estudiada es aquello que llamamos “mística” (“misticismo”, o “contemplación”). Intento mostrar también que Hulin utiliza el concepto de lo salvaje en tres sentidos interrelacionados: (...) el psicológico (que es el que abre toda la reflexión), el existencial y el hermenéutico. A partir de aquí, sostengo finalmente que la contribución de Hulin justifica una reflexión más amplia sobre lo salvaje en la mística que se extiende a consideraciones sobre cierto tipo de conversión religiosa, y sobre la idea de la gracia como espontaneidad divina y acontecimiento, tratados aquí en el contexto de la mística cristiana. (shrink)

In this volume, Engeström's work is used as a springboard to reflect on the question of the use, appropriation, and further development of the classic heritage within activity theory.

El objetivo marcado en este trabajo es establecer una línea de continuidad entre el pensamiento de Ortega y el de María Zambrano, situando a ambos en un contexto común de crítica a ciertos excesos de la Modernidad. Así, la propuesta se basa en un análisis de la racionalidad científico-matemática como ámbito excluyente de ciertos planos de la realidad, y en cómo ambos autores son conscientes de ello (aunque lo manifiesten desde distintos prismas y atendiendo a diferentes asuntos). De esta manera, (...) se pretende mostrar que la comprensión orteguiana del _concepto_ en tanto que instrumento de captación parcial de la realidad se vincula al modo en que Zambrano comprende la existencia, función y generación de los dioses, siendo tanto aquél (el _concepto_) como éstos (los dioses) formas de enmascarar la realidad para su humana interpretación. Asimismo, el trabajo pretende mostrar cómo, frente a la razón del racionalismo occidental, caben formas de conocimiento que trascienden el mero pensar conceptual, tales como el arte. (shrink)

The synthesis between death and vocation that has in the structure ‘being toward vocation’ its conclusion is the key to human finitude according to Ortega y Gasset. This means, against Heidegger’s ‘being toward death’, that in Ortega death, far from being understood as a priori horizon of meaning of existence and sign of human finitude, is an essential ingredient -and a posteriori- of human life which, together with the human vocation, essentially defines existence. The development of that synthesis obliges us (...) to explain two fundamental problems that form part of the essence of death. The first is the mystery of death, which is basically due to two questions: the enigmatic ceasing to be that describes death, and the particular fact that death is simultaneously exterior and interior to life, strange and familiar. The second problem is the question of why human beings do not want to die and want to live, a question substantially linked to the question of the meaning of human life. (shrink)

Ethics, Policy & Environment, Volume 15, Issue 1, Page 71-76, March 2012.

El ensayo intenta mostrar de qué modo, en la obra de Butler, se podría pensar que la aprehensión de una vida está ligada a las condiciones de posibilidad del conocimiento que la legitiman. A partir de esa relación, procuramos abordar la noción de marco como una problemática epistemológica que implica considerar a las normas de reconocimientos como éticas y políticas. A los efectos de delimitar esta relación, contrastaremos los alcances del análisis butleriano con la propuesta biopolítica de Michel Foucault. Además, (...) pretendemos explicar cómo el concepto de marco evidencia el legado posestructuralista en el giro ético de Butler. (shrink)